Intermediate · Systems

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)

Visual diagram · (in preparation) · Math · (in preparation) · Worked example · 3 difficulty levels.

TL;DR. Integrated systems of computation, networking, and physical processes that interact with and control the physical world.

Technical Definition

Integrated systems of computation, networking, and physical processes that interact with and control the physical world.

How it works

CPS involve tight coupling between the cyber (digital computation and communication) and physical (real-world dynamics) components. AI plays a critical role in enabling CPS to sense, model, and act autonomously or semi-autonomously. Examples include smart grids, autonomous vehicles, and robotic manufacturing systems.

Related Concepts

• Digital Twin — A high-fidelity virtual replica of a physical system that updates in real time from sensor data.